Recommendations for primary school teachers when manifestations of violence occur among their students.

A 5th grade case

Abstract

Situations of violence currently occurring in the country are often reflected in Costa Rican educational institutions. Based on observations, research, and media reports related to violence in schools from the first years of schooling, particularly in the first and second cycles of primary education, it can be confirmed that students frequently display aggressive behaviors when interacting with one another. This article analyzes the manifestations of violence observed among 14 fifth-grade students from a rural school in Circuit 01 of the Regional Directorate of Education in Turrialba. A questionnaire was administered to the participants in 2023 in order to examine the forms of conflict prevention and resolution they use inside and outside the classroom. The results show that certain situations can be addressed within the school environment. Violent behaviors occur frequently, including physical aggression and teasing among peers, which may be associated with physical differences, differing perspectives, or inadequate conflict-resolution strategies. Among the main recommendations for teachers are the implementation of tools that improve intervention, control, and prevention of the causes of violence both inside and outside the school. Additionally, it is recommended to strengthen teachers’ knowledge in order to promote collaborative work with parents in the prevention of school violence.